Add the full text of the copyleft-next-0.3.1 license to the kernel
tree as well as the required tags for reference and tooling.
The license text was copied directly from the copyleft-next project's
git tree [0].

Discussion of using copyleft-next-0.3.1 on Linux started since June,
2016 [1]. In the end Linus' preference was to have drivers use
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL") to make it clear that the GPL applies when it
comes to Linux [2]. Additionally, even though copyleft-next-0.3.1 has
been found to be to be GPLv2 compatible by three attorneys at SUSE and
Redhat [3], to err on the side of caution we simply recommend to
always use the "OR" language for this license [4].

Even though it has been a goal of the project to be GPL-v2 compatible
to be certain in 2016 I asked for a clarification about what makes
copyleft-next GPLv2 compatible and also asked for a summary of
benefits. This prompted some small minor changes to make compatibility
even further clear and as of copyleft 0.3.1 compatibility should
be crystal clear [5].

The summary of why copyleft-next 0.3.1 is compatible with GPLv2
is explained as follows:

  Like GPLv2, copyleft-next requires distribution of derivative works
  ("Derived Works" in copyleft-next 0.3.x) to be under the same license.
  Ordinarily this would make the two licenses incompatible. However,
  copyleft-next 0.3.1 says: "If the Derived Work includes material
  licensed under the GPL, You may instead license the Derived Work under
  the GPL." "GPL" is defined to include GPLv2.

In practice this means copyleft-next code in Linux may be licensed
under the GPL2, however there are additional obvious gains for
bringing contributions from Linux outbound where copyleft-next is
preferred. A summary of benefits why projects outside of Linux might
prefer to use copyleft-next >= 0.3.1 over GPLv2:

o It is much shorter and simpler
o It has an explicit patent license grant, unlike GPLv2
o Its notice preservation conditions are clearer
o More free software/open source licenses are compatible
  with it (via section 4)
o The source code requirement triggered by binary distribution
  is much simpler in a procedural sense
o Recipients potentially have a contract claim against distributors
  who are noncompliant with the source code requirement
o There is a built-in inbound=outbound policy for upstream
  contributions (cf. Apache License 2.0 section 5)
o There are disincentives to engage in the controversial practice
  of copyleft/ proprietary dual-licensing
o In 15 years copyleft expires, which can be advantageous
  for legacy code
o There are explicit disincentives to bringing patent infringement
  claims accusing the licensed work of infringement (see 10b)
o There is a cure period for licensees who are not compliant
  with the license (there is no cure opportunity in GPLv2)
o copyleft-next has a 'built-in or-later' provision

The first driver submission to Linux under this dual strategy was
lib/test_sysctl.c through commit 9308f2f9 ("test_sysctl: add
dedicated proc sysctl test driver") merged in July 2017. Shortly after
that I also added test_kmod through commit d9c6a72d ("kmod: add
test driver to stress test the module loader") in the same month. These
two drivers went in just a few months before the SPDX license practice
kicked in. In 2018 Kuno Woudt went through the process to get SPDX
identifiers for copyleft-next [6] [7]. Although there are SPDX tags
for copyleft-next-0.3.0, we only document use in Linux starting from
copyleft-next-0.3.1 which makes GPLv2 compatibility crystal clear.

This patch will let us update the two Linux selftest drivers in
subsequent patches with their respective SPDX license identifiers and
let us remove repetitive license boiler plate.

[0] https://github.com/copyleft-next/copyleft-next/blob/master/Releases/copyleft-next-0.3.1
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1465929311-13509-1-git-send-email-mcgrof@kernel.org/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CA+55aFyhxcvD+q7tp+-yrSFDKfR0mOHgyEAe=f_94aKLsOu0Og@mail.gmail.com/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20170516232702.GL17314@wotan.suse.de/
[4] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495234558.7848.122.camel@linux.intel.com
[5] https://lists.fedorahosted.org/archives/list/copyleft-next@lists.fedorahosted.org/thread/JTGV56DDADWGKU7ZKTZA4DLXTGTLNJ57/#SQMDIKBRAVDOCT4UVNOOCRGBN2UJIKHZ
[6] https://spdx.org/licenses/copyleft-next-0.3.0.html
[7] https://spdx.org/licenses/copyleft-next-0.3.1.html



Cc: Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
Cc: Kuno Woudt <kuno@frob.nl>
Cc: Richard Fontana <fontana@sharpeleven.org>
Cc: copyleft-next@lists.fedorahosted.org
Cc: Ciaran Farrell <Ciaran.Farrell@suse.com>
Cc: Christopher De Nicolo <Christopher.DeNicolo@suse.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Thorsten Leemhuis <linux@leemhuis.info>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Tim Bird <tim.bird@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Some files have been flagged with the new LGPL-2.1-or-later
identifier which replace the original LGPL-2.1+ in the SPDX license
identifier specification, but the identifiers are not mentioned as
valid in the LGPL-2.1 license file.

Add it, together with the LGPL-2.1-only at the the license file.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/12f38ebde4dcd8b1ecbd37df1b6ce2018426f6dd.1639657049.git.mchehab+huawei@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

A couple of exotic quote characters came in with this license text; they
can confuse software that is not expecting non-ASCII text.  Switch to
normal quotes here, with no changes to the actual license text.

Reported-by: Rahul T R <r-ravikumar@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Menon <nm@ti.com>
CC: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Thorsten Leemhuis <linux@leemhuis.info>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210703012931.30604-1-nm@ti.com


Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the CC-BY-4.0 license to the kernel tree as well as
the required tags for reference and tooling.

The license text was copied directly from the following url, but for
clarification a 'Creative Commons' was added before 'Attribution 4.0
International' in the first line:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.txt

CC-BY-4.0 is GPLv2 compatible, but when for example used for the
kernel's documentation it can easily happen that sphinx during
processing combines it with text or code from files using a more
restrictive license[1]. This bears pitfalls, hence point that risk out
and suggest to only use this license in combination with the GPLv2.

[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201201144314.GA14256@lst.de



Signed-off-by: Thorsten Leemhuis <linux@leemhuis.info>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CC: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
CC: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/7115b6c20ae3e6db0370fe4002dd586011205e1c.1607063223.git.linux@leemhuis.info


Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The new files contributed to zlib have Zlib SPDX license identifier. Since
there was no Zlib license text in LICENSES, scripts/spdxcheck.py
reported the following errors:
  lib/zlib_dfltcc/dfltcc.c: 1:28 Invalid License ID: Zlib
  lib/zlib_dfltcc/dfltcc.h: 1:28 Invalid License ID: Zlib
  lib/zlib_dfltcc/dfltcc_deflate.c: 1:28 Invalid License ID: Zlib
  lib/zlib_dfltcc/dfltcc_inflate.c: 1:28 Invalid License ID: Zlib
  lib/zlib_dfltcc/dfltcc_util.h: 1:28 Invalid License ID: Zlib

The patch adds Zlib SPDX license to LICENSES/deprecated, thus
resolving the issues reported by spdxcheck.

Suggested-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mikhail Zaslonko <zaslonko@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

There are some files under Documentation which uses
deprecated versions of GNU Free Documentation License, on
both versions 1.1 and 1.2.

On all cases, the license is with no Invariant Sections,
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts.

Add the text file for them, as we'll start using SPDX
for those.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Make it clear in the directory name that these are not intended for new
code.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Just like the CDDL the Apache license and the MPL must only be used as
a choice in additional to an GPL2 compatible license.  Copy over the
boilerplate from the CDDL file to the other two after fixing it up to
make it clear the licenses need to be GPL2 compatible, not just the
more generic GPL compatible.  For example the Apache 2 license is GPL3
compatible, but that doesn't matter for the kernel.

Also move these licenses to a separate directory and document the rules
in license-rules.rst.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

A recent commit added SPDX identifiers to the SuperH low level library code
which originates from GCC. This code is licensed under the GPL 2.0 or later
with the GCC runtime library exception.

Unfortunately the authors did not bother to add the exception text to the
LICENSES directory so spdxcheck fails with:

 arch/sh/lib/ashiftrt.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0
 arch/sh/lib/ashlsi3.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0
 arch/sh/lib/ashrsi3.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0
 arch/sh/lib/lshrsi3.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0
 arch/sh/lib/movmem.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0
 arch/sh/lib/udiv_qrnnd.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0
 arch/sh/lib/udivsi3.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0
 arch/sh/lib/udivsi3_i4i-Os.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0
 arch/sh/lib/udivsi3_i4i.S: 1:42 Invalid Exception ID: GCC-exception-2.0

Add the exception text along with the required tags which allow automated
checking.

Fixes: 4494ce4f ("sh: lib: convert to SPDX identifiers")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Cc: Simon Horman <horms+renesas@verge.net.au>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Using non-GPL licenses for our documentation is rather problematic,
as it can directly include other files, which generally are GPLv2
licensed and thus not compatible.

Remove this license now that the only user (idr.rst) is gone to avoid
people semi-accidentally using it again.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Add the full text of the ISC license to the kernel tree. It was copied
directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/ISC.html



With the mention of "ISC" in the warranty disclaimer replaced with
"THE AUTHOR" as done in the ISC license headers used in the ath10k and
brcmfmac wifi drivers.

Cc: Kalle Valo <kvalo@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The only reason we have the CDDL-1.0 license text around is for some
dual-licensed files from virtualbox. New code should not use this license.

Add a note about this and change the example tag to be dual-licensed.

Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The infiniband code uses a variant of the OpenIB license. This license is
BSD-2-Clause with the MIT disclaimer. The linux kernel uses this license
extensively throughout the driver subsystem since 2005. Note that the
OpenIB.org license is a true match to BSD-2-Clause.

The license text was copied from:

    https://spdx.org/licenses/Linux-OpenIB.html#licenseText



Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the CC-BY-SA-4.0 license to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-SA-4.0.html#licenseText



Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the CDDL-1.0 to the kernel tree.  It was copied directly
from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0.html#licenseText



Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the Apache License version 2 to the kernel tree.  It
was copied directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/Apache-2.0.html#licenseText



Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the X11 to the kernel tree.  It was copied directly
from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/X11.html#licenseText



Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Quite some files have been flagged with the new GPL-2.0-only and
GPL-2.0-or-later identifiers which replace the original GPL-2.0 and
GPL-2.0+ identifiers in the SPDX license identifier specification, but the
identifiers are not mentioned as valid in the GPL-2.0 license file.

Add them to the license file and to the Linux-syscall-note exception to
make everything consistent again.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Cc: Hans Verkuil <hans.verkuil@cisco.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the Mozilla Public License 1.1 to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

       https://spdx.org/licenses/MPL-1.1.html#licenseText



Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the GPL 1.0 license to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

       https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-1.0.html#licenseText



Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Copied from the Linux kernel COPYING file.

Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the MIT license to the kernel tree.  It was copied
directly from:

  https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html#licenseText



Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the BSD 3-clause "Clear" License to the
kernel tree.  It was copied directly from:

  https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause-Clear.html



Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" License to the
kernel tree.  It was copied directly from:

  https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause.html#licenseText



Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the BSD 2-clause "Simplified" license to the kernel
tree.  It was copied directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause.html#licenseText



Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the LGPL 2.1 license to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1.html#licenseText



Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the LGPL 2.0 license to the kernel tree.  It was
copied directly from:

   https://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.0.html#licenseText



Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Add the full text of the GPL 2.0 license to the LICENSES directory.  It was
copied directly from the COPYING file in the kernel source tree as it
differs from the public available version of the license in various places
including the FSF.

Philippe did some research on the GPL2.0 history:

  There is NO trustworthy version of an official GPL 2.0 text: the FSF
  official texts are all fubar (if only in small and subtle ways). The FSF
  texts should be authoritative, but then which one? They published more
  GPL 2.0 versions than most. So we would be hard pressed to blame SPDX or
  the OSI for having their own minor variant.

  Then in digging further, I found the ONE true original GPL with a file
  time stamp on June 2 1991, 01:50 (AM?, PM? unknown time zone?)  ! in an
  old GCC archive.

  For the posterity and everyone's enjoyment I have built a git history
  of GPL 2.0 Mark1 to Mark6

  See https://github.com/pombredanne/gpl-history/commits/master/COPYING

  I also added a shorter history of the Linux COPYING text. The first
  version in Linus's git tree is based on the very fine and well tuned GPL
  2 Mark4, the first fully Y2K compliant version of the GPL 2, as you can
  see from the diffs with the former Mark3: that was dangerously stuck in
  the last century.

  The current version in is based on a rare GPL 2.0 Mark5.1 aka "Franklin
  St", that I do not have in my history yet and spells "Franklin St."
  rather than "Franklin Street."  Therefore there is likely another GPL 2.0
  version between Mark4 and Mark5 that I have yet to find and may not have
  been caught by the archive.org spiders. Here help and patches welcomed:
  this is likely an important missing link.

  Further information about this archaelogical research;

  http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAOFm3uEzRMf261+O-Nm+9HDoEn9RbFjH=5J9i1C2GgMUg2G4LA@mail.gmail.com



Add the required tags for reference and tooling.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonas Oberg <jonas@fsfe.org>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>