printk_deferred(), similarly to printk_safe/printk_nmi, does not
immediately attempt to print a new message on the consoles, avoiding
calls into non-reentrant kernel paths, e.g. scheduler or timekeeping,
which potentially can deadlock the system.

Those printk() flavors, instead, rely on per-CPU flush irq_work to print
messages from safer contexts.  For same reasons (recursive scheduler or
timekeeping calls) printk() uses per-CPU irq_work in order to wake up
user space syslog/kmsg readers.

However, only printk_safe/printk_nmi do make sure that per-CPU areas
have been initialised and that it's safe to modify per-CPU irq_work.
This means that, for instance, should printk_deferred() be invoked "too
early", that is before per-CPU areas are initialised, printk_deferred()
will perform illegal per-CPU access.

Lech Perczak [0] reports that after commit 1b710b1b ("char/random:
silence a lockdep splat with printk()") user-space syslog/kmsg readers
are not able to read new kernel messages.

The reason is printk_deferred() being called too early (as was pointed
out by Petr and John).

Fix printk_deferred() and do not queue per-CPU irq_work before per-CPU
areas are initialized.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/aa0732c6-5c4e-8a8b-a1c1-75ebe3dca05b@camlintechnologies.com/


Reported-by: Lech Perczak <l.perczak@camlintechnologies.com>
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

scripts/mkcompile_h uses $(CC) only for getting the version string.

I suspected there was a specific reason why the additional flags were
needed, and dug the commit history. This code dates back to at least
2002 [1], but I could not get any more clue.

Just get rid of it.

[1]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/history/history.git/commit/?id=29f3df7eba8ddf91a55183f9967f76fbcc3ab742



Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

When doing Clang builds of the kernel, it is possible to link with
either ld.bfd (binutils) or ld.lld (LLVM), but it is not possible to
discover this from a running kernel. Add the "$LD -v" output to
/proc/version.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

CONFIG_ANON_INODES is gone since commit 5dd50aae ("Make anon_inodes
unconditional").

CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED was replaced with CONFIG_BFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED in
commit f382fb0b ("block: remove legacy IO schedulers").

Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200130192419.3026-1-krzk@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Accurate userfaultfd WP tracking is possible by tracking exactly which
virtual memory ranges were writeprotected by userland.  We can't relay
only on the RW bit of the mapped pagetable because that information is
destroyed by fork() or KSM or swap.  If we were to relay on that, we'd
need to stay on the safe side and generate false positive wp faults for
every swapped out page.

[peterx@redhat.com: append _PAGE_UFD_WP to _PAGE_CHG_MASK]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Bobby Powers <bobbypowers@gmail.com>
Cc: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Denis Plotnikov <dplotnikov@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: "Dr . David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Martin Cracauer <cracauer@cons.org>
Cc: Marty McFadden <mcfadden8@llnl.gov>
Cc: Maya Gokhale <gokhale2@llnl.gov>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200220163112.11409-4-peterx@redhat.com


Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This option can be used in Kconfig files to compare the ld version
and enable/disable incompatible config options if required.

This option is used in the subsequent patch along with GCC_VERSION to
filter out an incompatible feature.

Signed-off-by: Amit Daniel Kachhap <amit.kachhap@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

LSM and tracing programs share their helpers with bpf_tracing_func_proto
which is only defined (in bpf_trace.c) when BPF_EVENTS is enabled.

Instead of adding __weak symbol, make BPF_LSM depend on BPF_EVENTS so
that both tracing and LSM programs can actually share helpers.

Fixes: fc611f47 ("bpf: Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM")
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200330204059.13024-1-kpsingh@chromium.org

Introduce types and configs for bpf programs that can be attached to
LSM hooks. The programs can be enabled by the config option
CONFIG_BPF_LSM.

Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reviewed-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Florent Revest <revest@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200329004356.27286-2-kpsingh@chromium.org

The PERF_SAMPLE_CGROUP bit is to save (perf_event) cgroup information in
the sample.  It will add a 64-bit id to identify current cgroup and it's
the file handle in the cgroup file system.  Userspace should use this
information with PERF_RECORD_CGROUP event to match which cgroup it
belongs.

I put it before PERF_SAMPLE_AUX for simplicity since it just needs a
64-bit word.  But if we want bigger samples, I can work on that
direction too.

Committer testing:

  $ pahole perf_sample_data | grep -w cgroup -B5 -A5
  	/* --- cacheline 4 boundary (256 bytes) was 56 bytes ago --- */
  	struct perf_regs           regs_intr;            /*   312    16 */
  	/* --- cacheline 5 boundary (320 bytes) was 8 bytes ago --- */
  	u64                        stack_user_size;      /*   328     8 */
  	u64                        phys_addr;            /*   336     8 */
  	u64                        cgroup;               /*   344     8 */

  	/* size: 384, cachelines: 6, members: 22 */
  	/* padding: 32 */
  };
  $

Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200325124536.2800725-3-namhyung@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

The cred_guard_mutex is problematic as it is held over possibly
indefinite waits for userspace.  The possible indefinite waits for
userspace that I have identified are: The cred_guard_mutex is held in
PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT waiting for the tracer.  The cred_guard_mutex is
held over "put_user(0, tsk->clear_child_tid)" in exit_mm().  The
cred_guard_mutex is held over "get_user(futex_offset, ...")  in
exit_robust_list.  The cred_guard_mutex held over copy_strings.

The functions get_user and put_user can trigger a page fault which can
potentially wait indefinitely in the case of userfaultfd or if
userspace implements part of the page fault path.

In any of those cases the userspace process that the kernel is waiting
for might make a different system call that winds up taking the
cred_guard_mutex and result in deadlock.

Holding a mutex over any of those possibly indefinite waits for
userspace does not appear necessary.  Add exec_update_mutex that will
just cover updating the process during exec where the permissions and
the objects pointed to by the task struct may be out of sync.

The plan is to switch the users of cred_guard_mutex to
exec_update_mutex one by one.  This lets us move forward while still
being careful and not introducing any regressions.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20160921152946.GA24210@dhcp22.suse.cz/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/AM6PR03MB5170B06F3A2B75EFB98D071AE4E60@AM6PR03MB5170.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-fsdevel/20161102181806.GB1112@redhat.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20160923095031.GA14923@redhat.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20170213141452.GA30203@redhat.com/


Ref: 45c1a159b85b ("Add PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE and PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT facilities.")
Ref: 456f17cd1a28 ("[PATCH] user-vm-unlock-2.5.31-A2")
Reviewed-by: Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Bernd Edlinger <bernd.edlinger@hotmail.de>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

There is no good reason for __bdevname to exist.  Just open code
printing the string in the callers.  For three of them the format
string can be trivially merged into existing printk statements,
and in init/do_mounts.c we can at least do the scnprintf once at
the start of the function, and unconditional of CONFIG_BLOCK to
make the output for tiny configfs a little more helpful.

Acked-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> # for ext4
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

The support for __uint128_t is dependent on the target bit size.

GCC that defaults to the 32-bit can still build the 64-bit kernel
with -m64 flag passed.

However, $(cc-option,-D__SIZEOF_INT128__=0) is evaluated against the
default machine bit, which may not match to the kernel it is building.

Theoretically, this could be evaluated separately for 64BIT/32BIT.

  config CC_HAS_INT128
          bool
          default !$(cc-option,$(m64-flag) -D__SIZEOF_INT128__=0) if 64BIT
          default !$(cc-option,$(m32-flag) -D__SIZEOF_INT128__=0)

I simplified it more because the 32-bit compiler is unlikely to support
__uint128_t.

Fixes: c12d3362 ("int128: move __uint128_t compiler test to Kconfig")
Reported-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Tested-by: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>

Extrapolating on the existing framework to track rt/dl utilization using
pelt signals, add a similar mechanism to track thermal pressure. The
difference here from rt/dl utilization tracking is that, instead of
tracking time spent by a CPU running a RT/DL task through util_avg, the
average thermal pressure is tracked through load_avg. This is because
thermal pressure signal is weighted time "delta" capacity unlike util_avg
which is binary. "delta capacity" here means delta between the actual
capacity of a CPU and the decreased capacity a CPU due to a thermal event.

In order to track average thermal pressure, a new sched_avg variable
avg_thermal is introduced. Function update_thermal_load_avg can be called
to do the periodic bookkeeping (accumulate, decay and average) of the
thermal pressure.

Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Thara Gopinath <thara.gopinath@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200222005213.3873-2-thara.gopinath@linaro.org

Show line and column when we got a parse error in bootconfig tool.
Current lib/bootconfig shows the parse error with byte offset, but
that is not human readable.
This makes xbc_init() not showing error message itself but able to
pass the error message and position to caller, so that the caller
can decode it and show the error message with line number and columns.

With this patch, bootconfig tool shows an error with line:column as
below.

  $ cat samples/bad-dotword.bconf
  # do not start keyword with .
  key {
    .word = 1
  }
  $ ./bootconfig -a samples/bad-dotword.bconf initrd
  Parse Error: Invalid keyword at 3:3

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158323469002.10560.4023923847704522760.stgit@devnote2



Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS currently removes all unused exported symbols
from ksymtab. This works really well when using in-tree drivers, but
cannot be used in its current form if some of them are out-of-tree.

Indeed, even if the list of symbols required by out-of-tree drivers is
known at compile time, the only solution today to guarantee these don't
get trimmed is to set CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS=n. This not only wastes
space, but also makes it difficult to control the ABI usable by vendor
modules in distribution kernels such as Android. Being able to control
the kernel ABI surface is particularly useful to ship a unique Generic
Kernel Image (GKI) for all vendors, which is a first step in the
direction of getting all vendors to contribute their code upstream.

As such, attempt to improve the situation by enabling users to specify a
symbol 'whitelist' at compile time. Any symbol specified in this
whitelist will be kept exported when CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS is set,
even if it has no in-tree user. The whitelist is defined as a simple
text file, listing symbols, one per line.

Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@fluxnic.net>
Tested-by: Matthias Maennich <maennich@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthias Maennich <maennich@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Most of the Kconfig commands (except defconfig and all*config) read
the .config file as a base set of CONFIG options.

When it does not exist, the files in DEFCONFIG_LIST are searched in
this order and loaded if found.

I do not see much sense in the last two lines in DEFCONFIG_LIST.

[1] ARCH_DEFCONFIG

The entry for DEFCONFIG_LIST is guarded by 'depends on !UML'. So, the
ARCH_DEFCONFIG definition in arch/x86/um/Kconfig is meaningless.

arch/{sh,sparc,x86}/Kconfig define ARCH_DEFCONFIG depending on 32 or
64 bit variant symbols. This is a little bit strange; ARCH_DEFCONFIG
should be a fixed string because the base config file is loaded before
the symbol evaluation stage.

Using KBUILD_DEFCONFIG makes more sense because it is fixed before
Kconfig is invoked. Fortunately, arch/{sh,sparc,x86}/Makefile define it
in the same way, and it works as expected. Hence, replace ARCH_DEFCONFIG
with "arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$(KBUILD_DEFCONFIG)".

[2] arch/$(ARCH)/defconfig

This file path is no longer valid. The defconfig files are always located
in the arch configs/ directories.

  $ find arch -name defconfig | sort
  arch/alpha/configs/defconfig
  arch/arm64/configs/defconfig
  arch/csky/configs/defconfig
  arch/nds32/configs/defconfig
  arch/riscv/configs/defconfig
  arch/s390/configs/defconfig
  arch/unicore32/configs/defconfig

The path arch/*/configs/defconfig is already covered by
"arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$(KBUILD_DEFCONFIG)". So, this file path is
not necessary.

I moved the default KBUILD_DEFCONFIG to the top Makefile. Otherwise,
the 7 architectures listed above would end up with endless loop of
syncconfig.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Since commit d8a953dd ("bootconfig: Set CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG=n by
default") also changed the CONFIG_BOOTTIME_TRACING to select
CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG to show the boot-time tracing on the menu,
it introduced wrong dependencies with BLK_DEV_INITRD as below.

WARNING: unmet direct dependencies detected for BOOT_CONFIG
  Depends on [n]: BLK_DEV_INITRD [=n]
  Selected by [y]:
  - BOOTTIME_TRACING [=y] && TRACING_SUPPORT [=y] && FTRACE [=y] && TRACING [=y]

This makes the CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG selects CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD to
fix this error and make CONFIG_BOOTTIME_TRACING=n by default, so
that both boot-time tracing and boot configuration off but those
appear on the menu list.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158264140162.23842.11237423518607465535.stgit@devnote2



Fixes: d8a953dd ("bootconfig: Set CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG=n by default")
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Compiled-tested-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Print arraied values as multiple same options for legacy
kernel command line. With this rule, if the "kernel.*" and
"init.*" array entries in bootconfig are printed out as
multiple same options, e.g.

kernel {
 console = "ttyS0,115200"
 console += "tty0"
}

will be correctly converted to

console="ttyS0,115200" console="tty0"

in the kernel command line.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158220118213.26565.8163300497009463916.stgit@devnote2



Reported-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Add bootconfig magic word to the end of bootconfig on initrd
image for indicating explicitly the bootconfig is there.
Also tools/bootconfig treats wrong size or wrong checksum or
parse error as an error, because if there is a bootconfig magic
word, there must be a bootconfig.

The bootconfig magic word is "#BOOTCONFIG\n", 12 bytes word.
Thus the block image of the initrd file with bootconfig is
as follows.

[Initrd][bootconfig][size][csum][#BOOTCONFIG\n]

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158220112263.26565.3944814205960612841.stgit@devnote2



Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Set CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG=n by default. This also warns
user if CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG=n but "bootconfig" is given
in the kernel command line.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158220111291.26565.9036889083940367969.stgit@devnote2



Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

In fact, this function is only used in this file, so mark it with 'static'.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1581852511-14163-1-git-send-email-hqjagain@gmail.com



Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Qiujun Huang <hqjagain@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

The current implementation does a naive search of "bootconfig" on the kernel
command line. But this could find "bootconfig" that is part of another
option in quotes (although highly unlikely). But it also needs to find '--'
on the kernel command line to know if it should append a '--' or not when a
bootconfig in the initrd file has an "init" section. The check uses the
naive strstr() to find to see if it exists. But this can return a false
positive if it exists in an option and then the "init" section in the initrd
will not be appended properly.

Using parse_args() to find both of these will solve both of these problems.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/202002070954.C18E7F58B@keescook



Fixes: 7495e092 ("bootconfig: Only load bootconfig if "bootconfig" is on the kernel cmdline")
Fixes: 13199162 ("bootconfig: init: Allow admin to use bootconfig for init command line")
Reported-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Since there is no user except CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG and no plan
to use it from other functions, CONFIG_LIBXBC can be removed
and we can use CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG directly.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158098769281.939.16293492056419481105.stgit@devnote2



Suggested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Show the number of bootconfig nodes on boot message.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158091062297.27924.9051634676068550285.stgit@devnote2



Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Use "bootconfig" (1 word) instead of "boot config" (2 words)
in the boot message.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/158091059459.27924.14414336187441539879.stgit@devnote2



Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

As the bootconfig is appended to the initrd it is not as easy to modify as
the kernel command line. If there's some issue with the kernel, and the
developer wants to boot a pristine kernel, it should not be needed to modify
the initrd to remove the bootconfig for a single boot.

As bootconfig is silently added (if the admin does not know where to look
they may not know it's being loaded). It should be explicitly added to the
kernel cmdline. The loading of the bootconfig is only done if "bootconfig"
is on the kernel command line. This will let admins know that the kernel
command line is extended.

Note, after adding printk()s for when the size is too great or the checksum
is wrong, exposed that the current method always looked for the boot config,
and if this size and checksum matched, it would parse it (as if either is
wrong a printk has been added to show this). It's better to only check this
if the boot config is asked to be looked for.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wjfjO+h6bQzrTf=YCZA53Y3EDyAs3Z4gEsT7icA3u_Psw@mail.gmail.com



Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

This message leads to thinking that memory protection is not implemented
for the said architecture, whereas absence of CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
only means that memory protection has not been selected at compile time.

Don't print this message when CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX is
selected by the architecture.  Instead, print "Kernel memory protection
not selected by kernel config."

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/62477e446d9685459d4f27d193af6ff1bd69d55f.1578557581.git.christophe.leroy@c-s.fr


Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "init/main.c: minor cleanup/bugfix of envvar handling", v2.

unknown_bootoption passes unrecognized command line arguments to init as
either environment variables or arguments.  Some of the logic in the
function is broken for quoted command line arguments.

When an argument of the form param="value" is processed by parse_args
and passed to unknown_bootoption, the command line has

  param\0"value\0

with val pointing to the beginning of value.  The helper function
repair_env_string is then used to restore the '=' character that was
removed by parse_args, and strip the quotes off fully.  This results in

  param=value\0\0

and val ends up pointing to the 'a' instead of the 'v' in value.  This
bug was introduced when repair_env_string was refactored into a separate
function, and the decrement of val in repair_env_string became dead
code.

This causes two problems in unknown_bootoption in the two places where
the val pointer is used as a substitute for the length of param:

1. An argument of the form param=".value" is misinterpreted as a
   potential module parameter, with the result that it will not be
   placed in init's environment.

2. An argument of the form param="value" is checked to see if param is
   an existing environment variable that should be overwritten, but the
   comparison is off-by-one and compares 'param=v' instead of 'param='
   against the existing environment. So passing, for example,
   TERM="vt100" on the command line results in init being passed both
   TERM=linux and TERM=vt100 in its environment.

Patch 1 adds logging for the arguments and environment passed to init
and is independent of the rest: it can be dropped if this is
unnecessarily verbose.

Patch 2 removes repair_env_string from initcall parameter parsing in
do_initcall_level, as that uses a separate copy of the command line now
and the repairing is no longer necessary.

Patch 3 fixes the bug in unknown_bootoption by recording the length of
param explicitly instead of implying it from val-param.

This patch (of 3):

Commit a99cd112 ("init: fix bug where environment vars can't be
passed via boot args") introduced two minor bugs in unknown_bootoption
by factoring out the quoted value handling into a separate function.

When value is quoted, repair_env_string will move the value up 1 byte to
strip the quotes, so val in unknown_bootoption no longer points to the
actual location of the value.

The result is that an argument of the form param=".value" is mistakenly
treated as a potential module parameter and is not placed in init's
environment, and an argument of the form param="value" can result in a
duplicate environment variable: eg TERM="vt100" on the command line will
result in both TERM=linux and TERM=vt100 being placed into init's
environment.

Fix this by recording the length of the param before calling
repair_env_string instead of relying on val.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191212180023.24339-4-nivedita@alum.mit.edu


Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Krzysztof Mazur <krzysiek@podlesie.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since commit 08746a65 ("init: fix in-place parameter modification
regression"), parse_args in do_initcall_level is called on a copy of
saved_command_line.  It is unnecessary to call repair_env_string during
this parsing, as this copy is not used for anything later.

Remove the now unnecessary arguments from repair_env_string as well.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191212180023.24339-3-nivedita@alum.mit.edu


Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Krzysztof Mazur <krzysiek@podlesie.net>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Extend logging in `run_init_process` to also show the arguments and
environment that we are passing to init.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191212180023.24339-2-nivedita@alum.mit.edu


Signed-off-by: Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Krzysztof Mazur <krzysiek@podlesie.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix Kconfig help message since the bootconfig file is
only available to be appended to initramfs. And also
add a reference to the documentation.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/157949058031.25888.18399447161895787505.stgit@devnote2



Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

This reverts commit 786b2384 ("um: Enable CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS").

There are two issues with this commit, uncovered by Anton in tests
on some (Debian) systems:

1) I completely forgot to call any constructors if CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
   isn't set. Don't recall now if it just wasn't needed on my system, or
   if I never tested this case.

2) With that fixed, it works - with CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS *unset*. If I
   set CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS, it fails again, which isn't totally
   unexpected since whatever wanted to run is likely to have to run
   before the kernel init etc. that calls the constructors in this case.

Basically, some constructors that gcc emits (libc has?) need to run
very early during init; the failure mode otherwise was that the ptrace
fork test already failed:

----------------------
$ ./linux mem=512M
Core dump limits :
	soft - 0
	hard - NONE
Checking that ptrace can change system call numbers...check_ptrace : child exited with exitcode 6, while expecting 0; status 0x67f
Aborted
----------------------

Thinking more about this, it's clear that we simply cannot support
CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS in UML. All the cases we need now (gcov, kasan)
involve not use of the __attribute__((constructor)), but instead
some constructor code/entry generated by gcc. Therefore, we cannot
distinguish between kernel constructors and system constructors.

Thus, revert this commit.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org [5.4+]
Fixes: 786b2384 ("um: Enable CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS")
Reported-by: Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Acked-by: Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.co.uk>

Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>

To support time namespaces in the vdso with a minimal impact on regular non
time namespace affected tasks, the namespace handling needs to be hidden in
a slow path.

The most obvious place is vdso_seq_begin(). If a task belongs to a time
namespace then the VVAR page which contains the system wide vdso data is
replaced with a namespace specific page which has the same layout as the
VVAR page. That page has vdso_data->seq set to 1 to enforce the slow path
and vdso_data->clock_mode set to VCLOCK_TIMENS to enforce the time
namespace handling path.

The extra check in the case that vdso_data->seq is odd, e.g. a concurrent
update of the vdso data is in progress, is not really affecting regular
tasks which are not part of a time namespace as the task is spin waiting
for the update to finish and vdso_data->seq to become even again.

If a time namespace task hits that code path, it invokes the corresponding
time getter function which retrieves the real VVAR page, reads host time
and then adds the offset for the requested clock which is stored in the
special VVAR page.

If VDSO time namespace support is disabled the whole magic is compiled out.

Initial testing shows that the disabled case is almost identical to the
host case which does not take the slow timens path. With the special timens
page installed the performance hit is constant time and in the range of
5-7%.

For the vdso functions which are not using the sequence count an
unconditional check for vdso_data->clock_mode is added which switches to
the real vdso when the clock_mode is VCLOCK_TIMENS.

[avagin: Make do_hres_timens() work with raw clocks too: choose vdso_data
 pointer by CS_RAW offset.]

Suggested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191112012724.250792-21-dima@arista.com

Time Namespace isolates clock values.

The kernel provides access to several clocks CLOCK_REALTIME,
CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, etc.

CLOCK_REALTIME
      System-wide clock that measures real (i.e., wall-clock) time.

CLOCK_MONOTONIC
      Clock that cannot be set and represents monotonic time since
      some unspecified starting point.

CLOCK_BOOTTIME
      Identical to CLOCK_MONOTONIC, except it also includes any time
      that the system is suspended.

For many users, the time namespace means the ability to changes date and
time in a container (CLOCK_REALTIME). Providing per namespace notions of
CLOCK_REALTIME would be complex with a massive overhead, but has a dubious
value.

But in the context of checkpoint/restore functionality, monotonic and
boottime clocks become interesting. Both clocks are monotonic with
unspecified starting points. These clocks are widely used to measure time
slices and set timers. After restoring or migrating processes, it has to be
guaranteed that they never go backward. In an ideal case, the behavior of
these clocks should be the same as for a case when a whole system is
suspended. All this means that it is required to set CLOCK_MONOTONIC and
CLOCK_BOOTTIME clocks, which can be achieved by adding per-namespace
offsets for clocks.

A time namespace is similar to a pid namespace in the way how it is
created: unshare(CLONE_NEWTIME) system call creates a new time namespace,
but doesn't set it to the current process. Then all children of the process
will be born in the new time namespace, or a process can use the setns()
system call to join a namespace.

This scheme allows setting clock offsets for a namespace, before any
processes appear in it.

All available clone flags have been used, so CLONE_NEWTIME uses the highest
bit of CSIGNAL. It means that it can be used only with the unshare() and
the clone3() system calls.

[ tglx: Adjusted paragraph about clone3() to reality and massaged the
  	changelog a bit. ]

Co-developed-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://criu.org/Time_namespace
Link: https://lists.openvz.org/pipermail/criu/2018-June/041504.html
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191112012724.250792-4-dima@arista.com

Commit 96a2b03f ("mm, debug_pagelloc: use static keys to enable
debugging") has introduced a static key to reduce overhead when
debug_pagealloc is compiled in but not enabled.  It relied on the
assumption that jump_label_init() is called before parse_early_param()
as in start_kernel(), so when the "debug_pagealloc=on" option is parsed,
it is safe to enable the static key.

However, it turns out multiple architectures call parse_early_param()
earlier from their setup_arch().  x86 also calls jump_label_init() even
earlier, so no issue was found while testing the commit, but same is not
true for e.g.  ppc64 and s390 where the kernel would not boot with
debug_pagealloc=on as found by our QA.

To fix this without tricky changes to init code of multiple
architectures, this patch partially reverts the static key conversion
from 96a2b03f.  Init-time and non-fastpath calls (such as in arch
code) of debug_pagealloc_enabled() will again test a simple bool
variable.  Fastpath mm code is converted to a new
debug_pagealloc_enabled_static() variant that relies on the static key,
which is enabled in a well-defined point in mm_init() where it's
guaranteed that jump_label_init() has been called, regardless of
architecture.

[sfr@canb.auug.org.au: export _debug_pagealloc_enabled_early]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200106164944.063ac07b@canb.auug.org.au
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191219130612.23171-1-vbabka@suse.cz


Fixes: 96a2b03f ("mm, debug_pagelloc: use static keys to enable debugging")
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since the current kernel command line is too short to describe
long and many options for init (e.g. systemd command line options),
this allows admin to use boot config for init command line.

All init command line under "init." keywords will be passed to
init.

For example,

init.systemd {
	unified_cgroup_hierarchy = 1
	debug_shell
	default_timeout_start_sec = 60
}

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/157867229521.17873.654222294326542349.stgit@devnote2



Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Since the current kernel command line is too short to describe
many options which supported by kernel, allow user to use boot
config to setup (add) the command line options.

All kernel parameters under "kernel." keywords will be used
for setting up extra kernel command line.

For example,

kernel {
	audit = on
	audit_backlog_limit = 256
}

Note that you can not specify some early parameters
(like console etc.) by this method, since it is
loaded after early parameters parsed.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/157867228333.17873.11962796367032622466.stgit@devnote2



Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Since initcall_command_line is used as a temporary buffer,
it could be freed after usage. Allocate it in do_initcall()
and free it after used.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/157867227145.17873.17513760552008505454.stgit@devnote2



Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Load the extended boot config data from the tail of initrd
image. If there is an SKC data there, it has
[(u32)size][(u32)checksum] header (in really, this is a
footer) at the end of initrd. If the checksum (simple sum
of bytes) is match, this starts parsing it from there.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/157867222435.17873.9936667353335606867.stgit@devnote2



Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Extra Boot Config (XBC) allows admin to pass a tree-structured
boot configuration file when boot up the kernel. This extends
the kernel command line in an efficient way.

Boot config will contain some key-value commands, e.g.

key.word = value1
another.key.word = value2

It can fold same keys with braces, also you can write array
data. For example,

key {
   word1 {
      setting1 = data
      setting2
   }
   word2.array = "val1", "val2"
}

User can access these key-value pair and tree structure via
SKC APIs.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/157867221257.17873.1775090991929862549.stgit@devnote2



Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>