diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/mbox.c b/drivers/cxl/core/mbox.c
index 23b9ff920d7e85c8f347fc11bb8fe738635c31a4..bea9cf31a12df9a3f258e47e98ca5af3582ea856 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/core/mbox.c
+++ b/drivers/cxl/core/mbox.c
@@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ static int cxl_mem_get_partition_info(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds)
  * cxl_dev_state_identify() - Send the IDENTIFY command to the device.
  * @cxlds: The device data for the operation
  *
- * Return: 0 if identify was executed successfully.
+ * Return: 0 if identify was executed successfully or media not ready.
  *
  * This will dispatch the identify command to the device and on success populate
  * structures to be exported to sysfs.
@@ -1041,6 +1041,9 @@ int cxl_dev_state_identify(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds)
 	u32 val;
 	int rc;
 
+	if (!cxlds->media_ready)
+		return 0;
+
 	mbox_cmd = (struct cxl_mbox_cmd) {
 		.opcode = CXL_MBOX_OP_IDENTIFY,
 		.size_out = sizeof(id),
@@ -1102,6 +1105,13 @@ int cxl_mem_create_range_info(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds)
 	struct device *dev = cxlds->dev;
 	int rc;
 
+	if (!cxlds->media_ready) {
+		cxlds->dpa_res = DEFINE_RES_MEM(0, 0);
+		cxlds->ram_res = DEFINE_RES_MEM(0, 0);
+		cxlds->pmem_res = DEFINE_RES_MEM(0, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	cxlds->dpa_res =
 		(struct resource)DEFINE_RES_MEM(0, cxlds->total_bytes);
 
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/pci.c b/drivers/cxl/core/pci.c
index f332fe7af92ba3f86833ca9f3517723b855e53a2..67f4ab6daa34f0144380c27d41d9ca252c52ef04 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/core/pci.c
+++ b/drivers/cxl/core/pci.c
@@ -101,23 +101,57 @@ int devm_cxl_port_enumerate_dports(struct cxl_port *port)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(devm_cxl_port_enumerate_dports, CXL);
 
-/*
- * Wait up to @media_ready_timeout for the device to report memory
- * active.
- */
-int cxl_await_media_ready(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds)
+static int cxl_dvsec_mem_range_valid(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds, int id)
+{
+	struct pci_dev *pdev = to_pci_dev(cxlds->dev);
+	int d = cxlds->cxl_dvsec;
+	bool valid = false;
+	int rc, i;
+	u32 temp;
+
+	if (id > CXL_DVSEC_RANGE_MAX)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Check MEM INFO VALID bit first, give up after 1s */
+	i = 1;
+	do {
+		rc = pci_read_config_dword(pdev,
+					   d + CXL_DVSEC_RANGE_SIZE_LOW(id),
+					   &temp);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+
+		valid = FIELD_GET(CXL_DVSEC_MEM_INFO_VALID, temp);
+		if (valid)
+			break;
+		msleep(1000);
+	} while (i--);
+
+	if (!valid) {
+		dev_err(&pdev->dev,
+			"Timeout awaiting memory range %d valid after 1s.\n",
+			id);
+		return -ETIMEDOUT;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cxl_dvsec_mem_range_active(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds, int id)
 {
 	struct pci_dev *pdev = to_pci_dev(cxlds->dev);
 	int d = cxlds->cxl_dvsec;
 	bool active = false;
-	u64 md_status;
 	int rc, i;
+	u32 temp;
 
-	for (i = media_ready_timeout; i; i--) {
-		u32 temp;
+	if (id > CXL_DVSEC_RANGE_MAX)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
+	/* Check MEM ACTIVE bit, up to 60s timeout by default */
+	for (i = media_ready_timeout; i; i--) {
 		rc = pci_read_config_dword(
-			pdev, d + CXL_DVSEC_RANGE_SIZE_LOW(0), &temp);
+			pdev, d + CXL_DVSEC_RANGE_SIZE_LOW(id), &temp);
 		if (rc)
 			return rc;
 
@@ -134,6 +168,39 @@ int cxl_await_media_ready(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds)
 		return -ETIMEDOUT;
 	}
 
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait up to @media_ready_timeout for the device to report memory
+ * active.
+ */
+int cxl_await_media_ready(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds)
+{
+	struct pci_dev *pdev = to_pci_dev(cxlds->dev);
+	int d = cxlds->cxl_dvsec;
+	int rc, i, hdm_count;
+	u64 md_status;
+	u16 cap;
+
+	rc = pci_read_config_word(pdev,
+				  d + CXL_DVSEC_CAP_OFFSET, &cap);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	hdm_count = FIELD_GET(CXL_DVSEC_HDM_COUNT_MASK, cap);
+	for (i = 0; i < hdm_count; i++) {
+		rc = cxl_dvsec_mem_range_valid(cxlds, i);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < hdm_count; i++) {
+		rc = cxl_dvsec_mem_range_active(cxlds, i);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+	}
+
 	md_status = readq(cxlds->regs.memdev + CXLMDEV_STATUS_OFFSET);
 	if (!CXLMDEV_READY(md_status))
 		return -EIO;
@@ -241,17 +308,36 @@ static void disable_hdm(void *_cxlhdm)
 	       hdm + CXL_HDM_DECODER_CTRL_OFFSET);
 }
 
-static int devm_cxl_enable_hdm(struct device *host, struct cxl_hdm *cxlhdm)
+int devm_cxl_enable_hdm(struct cxl_port *port, struct cxl_hdm *cxlhdm)
 {
-	void __iomem *hdm = cxlhdm->regs.hdm_decoder;
+	void __iomem *hdm;
 	u32 global_ctrl;
 
+	/*
+	 * If the hdm capability was not mapped there is nothing to enable and
+	 * the caller is responsible for what happens next.  For example,
+	 * emulate a passthrough decoder.
+	 */
+	if (IS_ERR(cxlhdm))
+		return 0;
+
+	hdm = cxlhdm->regs.hdm_decoder;
 	global_ctrl = readl(hdm + CXL_HDM_DECODER_CTRL_OFFSET);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the HDM decoder capability was enabled on entry, skip
+	 * registering disable_hdm() since this decode capability may be
+	 * owned by platform firmware.
+	 */
+	if (global_ctrl & CXL_HDM_DECODER_ENABLE)
+		return 0;
+
 	writel(global_ctrl | CXL_HDM_DECODER_ENABLE,
 	       hdm + CXL_HDM_DECODER_CTRL_OFFSET);
 
-	return devm_add_action_or_reset(host, disable_hdm, cxlhdm);
+	return devm_add_action_or_reset(&port->dev, disable_hdm, cxlhdm);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(devm_cxl_enable_hdm, CXL);
 
 int cxl_dvsec_rr_decode(struct device *dev, int d,
 			struct cxl_endpoint_dvsec_info *info)
@@ -425,7 +511,7 @@ int cxl_hdm_decode_init(struct cxl_dev_state *cxlds, struct cxl_hdm *cxlhdm,
 	if (info->mem_enabled)
 		return 0;
 
-	rc = devm_cxl_enable_hdm(&port->dev, cxlhdm);
+	rc = devm_cxl_enable_hdm(port, cxlhdm);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
 
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/core/port.c b/drivers/cxl/core/port.c
index da2068475fa26c5b4cea086e8433bcec77299f07..e7c284c890bc111eeefd19e369e996b4b6966f3f 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/core/port.c
+++ b/drivers/cxl/core/port.c
@@ -750,11 +750,10 @@ struct cxl_port *devm_cxl_add_port(struct device *host, struct device *uport,
 
 	parent_port = parent_dport ? parent_dport->port : NULL;
 	if (IS_ERR(port)) {
-		dev_dbg(uport, "Failed to add %s%s%s%s: %ld\n",
-			dev_name(&port->dev),
-			parent_port ? " to " : "",
+		dev_dbg(uport, "Failed to add%s%s%s: %ld\n",
+			parent_port ? " port to " : "",
 			parent_port ? dev_name(&parent_port->dev) : "",
-			parent_port ? "" : " (root port)",
+			parent_port ? "" : " root port",
 			PTR_ERR(port));
 	} else {
 		dev_dbg(uport, "%s added%s%s%s\n",
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/cxl.h b/drivers/cxl/cxl.h
index 044a92d9813e239d1b97e7a4935f36850c30e154..f93a285389621cc77e86ae792c095b1671f30c85 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/cxl.h
+++ b/drivers/cxl/cxl.h
@@ -710,6 +710,7 @@ struct cxl_endpoint_dvsec_info {
 struct cxl_hdm;
 struct cxl_hdm *devm_cxl_setup_hdm(struct cxl_port *port,
 				   struct cxl_endpoint_dvsec_info *info);
+int devm_cxl_enable_hdm(struct cxl_port *port, struct cxl_hdm *cxlhdm);
 int devm_cxl_enumerate_decoders(struct cxl_hdm *cxlhdm,
 				struct cxl_endpoint_dvsec_info *info);
 int devm_cxl_add_passthrough_decoder(struct cxl_port *port);
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/cxlmem.h b/drivers/cxl/cxlmem.h
index db12b6313afbf734fba7c38302a28c56c44950a1..a2845a7a69d820d9b4f04ae6a681839728d0f31c 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/cxlmem.h
+++ b/drivers/cxl/cxlmem.h
@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ struct cxl_poison_state {
  * @regs: Parsed register blocks
  * @cxl_dvsec: Offset to the PCIe device DVSEC
  * @rcd: operating in RCD mode (CXL 3.0 9.11.8 CXL Devices Attached to an RCH)
+ * @media_ready: Indicate whether the device media is usable
  * @payload_size: Size of space for payload
  *                (CXL 2.0 8.2.8.4.3 Mailbox Capabilities Register)
  * @lsa_size: Size of Label Storage Area
@@ -303,6 +304,7 @@ struct cxl_dev_state {
 	int cxl_dvsec;
 
 	bool rcd;
+	bool media_ready;
 	size_t payload_size;
 	size_t lsa_size;
 	struct mutex mbox_mutex; /* Protects device mailbox and firmware */
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/cxlpci.h b/drivers/cxl/cxlpci.h
index 0465ef963cd6a0b23dae3cfb7177d9a033dcde18..7c02e55b80429a9390d3322407701033bb6c01ce 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/cxlpci.h
+++ b/drivers/cxl/cxlpci.h
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 #define   CXL_DVSEC_RANGE_BASE_LOW(i)	(0x24 + (i * 0x10))
 #define     CXL_DVSEC_MEM_BASE_LOW_MASK	GENMASK(31, 28)
 
+#define CXL_DVSEC_RANGE_MAX		2
+
 /* CXL 2.0 8.1.4: Non-CXL Function Map DVSEC */
 #define CXL_DVSEC_FUNCTION_MAP					2
 
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/mem.c b/drivers/cxl/mem.c
index 10caf180b3fa0bff3e1363c269ad4fe77cc7cff8..519edd0eb1967d8c0d0ec7bb5e934b267e37c1ff 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/mem.c
+++ b/drivers/cxl/mem.c
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ static int cxl_mem_probe(struct device *dev)
 	struct dentry *dentry;
 	int rc;
 
+	if (!cxlds->media_ready)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
 	/*
 	 * Someone is trying to reattach this device after it lost its port
 	 * connection (an endpoint port previously registered by this memdev was
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/pci.c b/drivers/cxl/pci.c
index f7a5b8e9c102411ca5bfde2f1995488498aa7e91..0872f2233ed0c88aa9fec7e9e93935dfa1f0e740 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/pci.c
+++ b/drivers/cxl/pci.c
@@ -708,6 +708,12 @@ static int cxl_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id)
 	if (rc)
 		dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "Failed to map RAS capability.\n");
 
+	rc = cxl_await_media_ready(cxlds);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		cxlds->media_ready = true;
+	else
+		dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "Media not active (%d)\n", rc);
+
 	rc = cxl_pci_setup_mailbox(cxlds);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
diff --git a/drivers/cxl/port.c b/drivers/cxl/port.c
index eb57324c4ad4a0e54c9a35500df9c3a216f603a2..c23b6164e1c0fa5c1e9a9c671c2e1d29da604c69 100644
--- a/drivers/cxl/port.c
+++ b/drivers/cxl/port.c
@@ -60,13 +60,17 @@ static int discover_region(struct device *dev, void *root)
 static int cxl_switch_port_probe(struct cxl_port *port)
 {
 	struct cxl_hdm *cxlhdm;
-	int rc;
+	int rc, nr_dports;
 
-	rc = devm_cxl_port_enumerate_dports(port);
-	if (rc < 0)
-		return rc;
+	nr_dports = devm_cxl_port_enumerate_dports(port);
+	if (nr_dports < 0)
+		return nr_dports;
 
 	cxlhdm = devm_cxl_setup_hdm(port, NULL);
+	rc = devm_cxl_enable_hdm(port, cxlhdm);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
 	if (!IS_ERR(cxlhdm))
 		return devm_cxl_enumerate_decoders(cxlhdm, NULL);
 
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ static int cxl_switch_port_probe(struct cxl_port *port)
 		return PTR_ERR(cxlhdm);
 	}
 
-	if (rc == 1) {
+	if (nr_dports == 1) {
 		dev_dbg(&port->dev, "Fallback to passthrough decoder\n");
 		return devm_cxl_add_passthrough_decoder(port);
 	}
@@ -113,12 +117,6 @@ static int cxl_endpoint_port_probe(struct cxl_port *port)
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
 
-	rc = cxl_await_media_ready(cxlds);
-	if (rc) {
-		dev_err(&port->dev, "Media not active (%d)\n", rc);
-		return rc;
-	}
-
 	rc = devm_cxl_enumerate_decoders(cxlhdm, &info);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
diff --git a/tools/testing/cxl/Kbuild b/tools/testing/cxl/Kbuild
index fba7bec96acd184297189798d1708ef1e6e2df7e..6f9347ade82cde19fac94be0bea8736192f2ec3b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/cxl/Kbuild
+++ b/tools/testing/cxl/Kbuild
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ ldflags-y += --wrap=acpi_pci_find_root
 ldflags-y += --wrap=nvdimm_bus_register
 ldflags-y += --wrap=devm_cxl_port_enumerate_dports
 ldflags-y += --wrap=devm_cxl_setup_hdm
+ldflags-y += --wrap=devm_cxl_enable_hdm
 ldflags-y += --wrap=devm_cxl_add_passthrough_decoder
 ldflags-y += --wrap=devm_cxl_enumerate_decoders
 ldflags-y += --wrap=cxl_await_media_ready
diff --git a/tools/testing/cxl/test/mem.c b/tools/testing/cxl/test/mem.c
index ba572d03c6875b28fb1638237f98a3384d149c5c..34b48027b3defae85003edbb24a697113fcf322f 100644
--- a/tools/testing/cxl/test/mem.c
+++ b/tools/testing/cxl/test/mem.c
@@ -1256,6 +1256,7 @@ static int cxl_mock_mem_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
 
+	cxlds->media_ready = true;
 	rc = cxl_dev_state_identify(cxlds);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
diff --git a/tools/testing/cxl/test/mock.c b/tools/testing/cxl/test/mock.c
index de3933a776fdb250b4afc7f135cb0d2cf1d7d0ec..28441652764405d0e2fae9add9c4f7372c15facc 100644
--- a/tools/testing/cxl/test/mock.c
+++ b/tools/testing/cxl/test/mock.c
@@ -149,6 +149,21 @@ struct cxl_hdm *__wrap_devm_cxl_setup_hdm(struct cxl_port *port,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(__wrap_devm_cxl_setup_hdm, CXL);
 
+int __wrap_devm_cxl_enable_hdm(struct cxl_port *port, struct cxl_hdm *cxlhdm)
+{
+	int index, rc;
+	struct cxl_mock_ops *ops = get_cxl_mock_ops(&index);
+
+	if (ops && ops->is_mock_port(port->uport))
+		rc = 0;
+	else
+		rc = devm_cxl_enable_hdm(port, cxlhdm);
+	put_cxl_mock_ops(index);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(__wrap_devm_cxl_enable_hdm, CXL);
+
 int __wrap_devm_cxl_add_passthrough_decoder(struct cxl_port *port)
 {
 	int rc, index;